A Transformer

B. Identify appliances/equipment that require transformers.

All the appliances which are functioning or dependent to electricity has a transformer or required a transformer.

This are examples of appliances that requires appliances

C. Relate the voltage and current in the primary and secondary coils to the numbers of turn in each.

Hence the step-up transformer has a great loop in secondary coil, so in step-down transformer has a less amount of loop in a secondary coil. So the induce voltage of the step-up transformer is greater than the other. So as a whole if the secondary coil loops is increases the greater the induce voltage and the primary coil reduces its induce voltage with same as vise versa.

Step-up Transformer and Step-down Transformer

Step-up Transformer
In a step-up transformer the potential difference across the secondary coil is greater than the potential difference across the primary coil.
Step-Up Transformers are one of the really common and vital electrical tools used in power transmission and modification. They are usually the first major transformer in a transmission system and are often used in various forms throughout the system.

Step-Up Transformers are based on the same formulas that other transformers are, but the key element is that they convert voltages to higher volumes while reducing amperage and effects of resistance. This makes Step-Up Transformers ideal in long-distance power transmission use; by stepping up voltage and reducing amperage little energy is lost to resistance.





Step-down Transformer
Step down transformers are designed to reduce electrical voltage. Their primary voltage is greater than their secondary voltage. This kind of transformer "steps down" the voltage applied to it. For instance, a step down transformer is needed to use a 110v product in a country with a 220v supply.

Step down transformers convert electrical voltage from one level or phase configuration usually down to a lower level. They can include features for electrical isolation, power distribution, and control and instrumentation applications. Step down transformers typically rely on the principle of magnetic induction between coils to convert voltage and/or current levels.

Step down transformers are made from two or more coils of insulated wire wound around a core made of iron. When voltage is applied to one coil (frequently called the primary or input) it magnetizes the iron core, which induces a voltage in the other coil, (frequently called the secondary or output). The turns ratio of the two sets of windings determines the amount of voltage transformation.

Electromagnetic Induction

a brief description of electromagnetic induction, Micheal Faraday, and his work, including animation

Electromagnetic Induction: Demonstrations and Definition

Electromagnetic Induction

Three short Leaving Certificate Physics experiments using a coil and (a)a permanent magnet (b)a d.c. electromagnet (c) an a.c. electromagnet

Oersted's Experiment

Oersted's Experiment

The Electromagnetism . . . .

Electromagnetism

Image Source: www.google.com

Ørsted was born in Rudkøbing. As a young boy Ørsted developed his interest in science while working for his father, who owned a pharmacy.[2] He and his brother Anders received most of their early education through self-study at home, going to Copenhagen in 1793 to take entrance exams for the University of Copenhagen, where both brothers excelled academically. By 1796 Ørsted had been awarded honors for his papers in both aesthetics and physics. He earned his doctorate in 1799 for a dissertation based on the works of Kant entitled "The Architectonicks of Natural Metaphysics".
In 1801 Ørsted received a travel scholarship and public grant which enabled him to spend three years travelling across Europe. In Germany he met Johann Wilhelm Ritter, a physicist who believed there was a connection between electricity and magnetism. This made sense to Ørsted since he believed in Kantian ideas about the unity of nature and that deep relationships existed between natural phenomena.[2]
Their conversations drew Ørsted into the study of physics. He became a professor at the University of Copenhagen in 1806 and continued his research with electric currents and acoustics. Under his guidance the University developed a comprehensive physics and chemistry program and established new laboratories.

Source of Information: www.google.com Wikipedia

Early Life of Ørsted . . .

In 1802 Gian Domenico Romagnosi had described electric current from a voltaic pile (an early type of battery) deflecting a magnetic needle. Although published in an Italian newspaper ("Foglietti Universali", Rovereto), this was largely overlooked by the scientific community.[3]
On 21 April 1820, while preparing for an evening lecture, Ørsted noticed a compass needle deflected from magnetic north when electric current from a battery was switched on and off. This deflection convinced him that magnetic fields radiate from all sides of a wire carrying an electric current, as do light and heat, confirming a direct relationship between electricity and magnetism. Three months later he began more intensive investigations and soon thereafter published his findings, showing that an electric current produces a magnetic field as it flows through a wire.
His findings stirred much research into electrodynamics throughout the scientific community, influencing French physicist André-Marie Ampère's developments of a single mathematical formula to represent the magnetic forces between current-carrying conductors. Ørsted's work also represented a major step toward a unified concept of energy.
In 1822, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Image and Information source: www.google.com Wikipedia

Do You Know Who Is Hans Christian Ørested??

Hans Christian Ørested

Image Source: www.google.com

Hans Christian Ørsted (often rendered Oersted in English; 14 August 1777 - 9 March 1851) was a Danish physicist and chemist who is most widely known for observing that electric currents induce magnetic fields, an important aspect of electromagnetism. He shaped post-Kantian philosophy and advances in science throughout the late 19th century.[1]
In 1824, Ørsted founded Selskabet for Naturlærens Udbredelse (SNU), a society to disseminate knowledge of the natural sciences. He was also the founder of predecessor organizations which eventually became the Danish Meteorological Institute and the Danish Patent and Trademark Office. Ørsted was the first modern thinker to explicitly describe and name the thought experiment.
A leader of the so-called Danish Golden Age, Ørsted was a close friend of Hans Christian Andersen and the brother of politician and jurist Anders Sandøe Ørsted, who eventually served as Danish prime minister (1853–54).
The Oersted (Oe), the cgs unit of magnetic H-field strength, is named after him.

Source:www.google.com (Wikipedia)

The Drink Test

The use of alcohol may begin with in an innocent social drink, but with many, its use gets out of control, and the user becomes alcohol dependent. If you use alcohol, here are some questions you should honestly. By doing so may be able to evaluate your situation. Answer simply by "yes" or "no."

1. Do friends or relatives think you drink too much?


2. Have you ever lost fiends or girlfriends/boyfriends because of use alcohol?


3. Have you ever gotten into trouble at work because of alcohol use?


4. Have you ever neglected your obligations, in your family, or your work for two or more days in a row because you were using alcohol


5. Have you ever had severe shaking. heard voices, o seen things that were not there after a heavy alcohol use?


6. Have you ever gone to anyone for help about your alcohol use?


7. Have you ever been in a hospital because of alcohol use?


8. Have you ever been arrested for drunk driving or driven while under the influence of alcohol?


9. Have you ever felt you should be drinking less alcohol?


10. Do people annoy you with criticism because of your use of alcohol?


11. Have you ever felt guilt about your alcohol use?


12. Have you ever ad to use alcohol the first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover?

Note: If you answered "yes" to three of the first eight questions, or to two of question 9-12, you probably have an alcohol-dependency problem and need professional help.

Author: Ethel R. Nelson

Breaking an Addictive Habit

Exercise is the Best Way

Image Source: www.google.com

Again and again you've tried to quit. You're tired of the guilt that's comes from your dependence of food, coffee, sex, pills, cigarettes, alcohol, drugs, or whatever. How can you obtain freedom from your addiction? This step may be your answer.

Exercise. A brisk walk, a swim, or bike rid will help by physically removing your from the temptation. Exercise produce endorphins that encourage feelings of optimism and happiness. It gives you energy and relieves the stress that drives you to your habit.

Exercise produce endorphins that encourage felling of optimism and happiness. It give's you energy and relieves the stress that drives your habit.

Abnormal Appearance of a BABY because of Alcohol

A Deformed Baby

Image Source: www. google.com

Alcohol affects total body development of the baby from head to toe. Immediately noticeable is the smallest of the head, the flattened face, and the drooping eyelids. Other typical facial characteristics are: small eyes (due to shorten eyelids); a long, thin upper lip, the normal meddle nose-to-tip groove being absent; the nose shorten and upturned; skin folds at the inner corners of the eyes; and unusually small or large lower jaw.

Fortunately not all these outward deformities are present in every child with FAS.

Author: Ethel R. Nelson

The Doctor Who Discover the New Planet

Dr. Josette Biyo

Image Source: www.google.com

A planet was named after De. Josette Biyo, but she wants to be remembered as a teacher than as a scientist.

Dr. Biyo first taught in rural school for eight years. She faced the challenge of lack of facilities with her creative and innovate teaching style, which made complicated lesson easy to understand.

Her innovated teaching method in science research earned Dr. Biyo world wide recognition as she bested 4,000 teacher globally to win the Intel International Science and Engineering fair. She is first to receive an award for Excellence and Louisville, Kentucky, which honor teachers who inspire students to undertake research.

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology named a minor planet, "Planet Biyo," in her honor.

Dr. Biyo took up Biology in UP Visayas so she could become a doctor. But her father lacked the means to send her to a medical school. This did not prevent her to become one of the greatest teachers the Philippines is proud of.

What Is FASD? ? ?

Alcoholic drinks is not good for babies

Source: www.goggle.com

This information was come from the internet.

It is a medical diagnosis that refers to a specific cluster of anomalies associated with the use of alcohol during pregnancy. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is one of the major known preventable birth defects among Canadian children.
Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) is a term used to describe the presence of some, but not all, FASD characteristics when prenatal exposure to alcohol has been confirmed (also used occasionally when use is uncertain)

Fast Facts of FAS

• Based on estimated rates industrialized countries 1-3 per 1,000 births, it is estimated that in Canada at least one child is born with FASD each day.
• The effects of FASD/FAE can last a lifetime.
• Estimated lifetime extra health care, education and social services costs associated with the care of an individual with FASD are US$1.4M

Prenatal exposure to alcohol can cause

• intellectual deficits and learning disabilities
  
• hyperactive
• attention and/or memory deficits
• inability to manage anger
• difficulties with problem solving
• prenatal and post natal growth deficiencies
  

Potential secondary condition include

• early school drop out
• alcohol and drug abuse problems
• problems securing and maintaining employment
• homelessness
• trouble with the law
• mental health problems

Protective factors include

• abstinence early identification and diagnosis
  
• direct involvement with special services
• supportive environments

"The prudent choice for women who are or may be pregnant is to abstain from alcohol."

12 STEPS of Gamblers Anonymous Have A Corollary Bearign on alcoholism Addiction

This information was written by Mr. Jose A. Tojino, M.D President of the Philippine Foundation on Compulsive Gambling.

It is presented here as aid in the recovery process for both.

1. We admitted we were powerless over gambling/drinking-that our lives have become unmanageable.


2. We came to believe that a power greater than ourselves could restore us to a normal way of thinking and loving.


3. Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of this power of our own understanding.


4. Made a searching and fearless moral and financial inventory of ourselves.


5. Admit to ourselves and to another human being the exact nature of our wrongs.


6. We're entirely ready to have this defects of character removed.


7. Humbly ask God (of our understanding) to remove our shortcomings.


8. Made a list of all persons we had harmed and became willing to make amends to them all.


9. Made direct amends to such people wherever possible, except when to do so would injure them or others.


10. Continue to take personal inventory and when we were wrong, promptly admitted it.


11. Sough through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God, as we understood Him, praying for only knowledge of His will for us and the power to carry that out.


12. Having made an effort to practice this principles in all our affairs, we tried to carry this message to other compulsive gamblers/drinkers.

Source: www.google.com

Can Alcoholism Be Cured? ? ?

This information, taken off the Internet, is provided by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA).

Although alcoholism can be treated, a cure us not yet available. In other words, even if an alcoholic has been sober for a long time and has regained health, he or she remains susceptible and to relapse and must continue to avoid all alcoholic beverages. "Cutting down" on drinking doesn't work; cutting out alcohol is necessary for a successful recovery.

However, even individuals who are determined to stay sober may suffer one or several "slips," or relapses, before achieving long term sobriety. Relapses are very common and do not mean that a person has failed or cannot recover from alcoholism. Keep in mind, too, that every day that a recovering alcoholic has stayed sober prior to relapse is extremely valuable time, both to the individual and to his or her family. If relapse occurs, its is very important to try to stop drinking once again and to get whatever additional support you need to abstain from drinking.

Alcoholism Treatment. . .

This information, taken off the Internet, is provided by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA).

The type of treatment you receive depends on the severity of your alcoholism and the resources that are available in your community. Treatment nay include detoxification (the process of simply getting alcohol out of you system); Taking doctor-prescribe medication to help prevent a return (or relapse) to drinking once drinking has stopped; and individual and group counseling. There are promising types of counseling that teach alcoholics to identify situations and feelings that trigger the urge and to find new ways to cope that don not include alcohol use.

Because the support of the family members is important to the recovery process, many programs also offer brief marital counseling and family therapy as part of the treatment process.

Source: www.google.com

What is Alcoholism? ? ?

Helo guys!!! This information was come from a magazine which is the "Fight Against Alcoholism".

Alcoholism, also known as "alcohol dependence," is the disease that includes the following:

• Craving: A strong need or compulsion to drink.

• Loss of control: The inability to limit one's drinking on any given occasion

• Physical dependence: Withdrawal symptoms such us nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, occur when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drink.

• Tolerance: The need to drink greater amounts of alcohol in order to "get high".

People who are not alcoholic sometimes do not understand why an alcoholic can't just "use a little willpower" to stop drink. However, alcoholism are in the grip of a powerful "craving," or uncontrollable need. This need can be as strong as the need for food or water.

Source: www.google.com

PRE-MARITAL SEX: Careless Whisper No More . . .

Hi!!! How are you my friend????? :))

I've got this image in goggle.com and I made some Sociological Point of View!!!

In the 1060's western society underwent what is called the sexual revolution. (Thino, 1984:169)
"The sexual revolution does not mean Americans have gone wild, rather it means that people now show more tolerance for the behavior of others, that the double standard is on the decline, thath sex is seen as as a recreation as well as a means of procreation and that the quality of of relationship is as more important as its legal status."

The Philippines has not been spared by the sexual revolution. Nudity can be seen in advertisements, on TV, in theaters, movies and magazines. Young people hear of premarital sex; actresses proclaim and brag about being mothers without the benefit of marriage; single parenthood and the "Querida system is prevent."

The sexual revolution has resulted in tolerance of various forms of sexual behavior. Premarital sex is one. The sexual revolution has brought out the open relationship between two people of the opposite sex who are having sex relations although not married but intending to marry each other in a future time. The onslaught of liberal ideas about womanhood, the right of women to take full control of their sexuality and the capacity to make a choice may explain the premarital sex phenomenon.

According to Kuzma (1998), sex should be reserved for marriage. We have norm against premarital sex. It is consider morally wrong. Sex outside marriage diminishes the symbolic meaning of a couples commitment for life. The Philippine society is not yet ready to accept the premarital sex situation.